Tropical Cyclones: A Comprehensive Guide
What is a Tropical Cyclone?
A tropical cyclone (TC) is a rapidly rotating storm system that originates over warm tropical oceans.
TCs are characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and a spiral.
Types of Tropical Cyclones
TCs are classified into five categories based on their maximum sustained wind speed:
- Tropical depression: Wind speeds of less than 39 mph
- Tropical storm: Wind speeds between 39 mph and 73 mph
- Category 1 hurricane: Wind speeds between 74 mph and 95 mph
- Category 2 hurricane: Wind speeds between 96 mph and 110 mph
- Category 3-5 hurricane: Wind speeds exceeding 110 mph
Where do Tropical Cyclones Occur?
TCs form over warm tropical oceans, typically between the latitudes of 5° and 30°.
The Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) experiences the most TCs in the world.
Impacts of Tropical Cyclones
TCs can be devastating, causing widespread damage and loss of life.
- High winds: Can cause structural damage, power outages, and debris
- Heavy rainfall: Can lead to flooding, landslides, and mudslides
- Storm surge: A wall of water that can inundate coastal areas
- Tornadoes: Can spawn tornadoes that cause additional damage
Meteorology of Tropical Cyclones
TCs are warm-core low pressure systems with a spiral inflow of air at the surface and a spiral outflow at the top.
The energy for TCs comes from the warm ocean water, which evaporates and condenses, releasing latent heat.
Forecasting and Tracking Tropical Cyclones
TCs are monitored and forecasted by meteorological agencies around the world.
Satellite imagery, radar, and weather balloons are used to track TCs and predict their paths.
Early warning systems are essential for communities to prepare and evacuate before a TC strikes.
Conclusion
TCs are powerful and potentially devastating storms.
Understanding the science behind TCs and their potential impacts is crucial for communities to mitigate their risks.
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